North Carolina Grade 8 End-of-Grade (EOG) Science Practice Test

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• What process causes rocks to become rounded and smooth as they are transported by water?
• What is a potential disadvantage of generating electricity from flowing water (hydropower)?
• Which best determines the health of a lake used as a source of freshwater?
• If a rock initially has 100 grams of parent isotope and 25 grams remain after some time, how many half-lives have passed?
• During boiling, what happens to water molecules?
• Which molecule is the true energy currency produced by cellular respiration?
• Which statement describes igneous rocks that form at or near Earth's surface?
• Which statement describes an ecosystem service?
• What energy transformation occurs during photosynthesis in chloroplasts?
• A strawberry farmer finds that, after a hard freeze, some of his strawberries are still alive. Which best explains why these strawberries were able to survive?
• Which observation would indicate that a fossil sequence shows evolutionary change?
• Which rock cycle process describes rocks changing due to heat and pressure without melting?
• In a marine ecosystem, which organism is a producer?
• How can scientists know some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean?
• What energy transformation occurs when a light bulb is turned on?
• If wolves prey on deer for food, what will most likely happen to the deer population if wolves are removed from an area where deer live?
• What process explains how some mountains were once underwater?
• Which factor primarily explains why equatorial regions are generally warmer than polar regions?
• Which element would Element X most likely be grouped with on the periodic table?
• What is genetic variation and why is it important for evolution?
• What effect does friction have on the motion of a moving object?
• Which statement best describes energy transfer in a simple food chain?
• What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
• How would increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect global temperature?
• In an ecological pyramid, which level contains the primary producers?
• In which oceanic zone do clams and crabs survive by burrowing in the sand?
• Which plant process uses light energy to produce chemical energy and release oxygen?
• Which statement about photosynthesis is true?
• What process is most responsible for the extinction of most species of plants and animals that have lived on Earth?
• What is the term for the movement of air from high pressure to low pressure, causing wind?
• Which statement about why scientists use models is true?
• What best describes producers in an ecosystem?
• Which single piece of evidence most directly supports the idea that continents were once connected?
• Which tool would you use to measure air temperature precisely?
• Which statement best describes how smoking tobacco could negatively affect physical performance?
• Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis?
• In a lever system, which statement best describes how arm lengths influence mechanical advantage?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic states of matter?
• Which two factors are commonly used to assess river water quality?
• What is the process by which rocks are broken down by physical and chemical means?
• What process transforms existing rocks into metamorphic rocks?
• Which planet is known for its prominent ring system?
• Which statement best describes a renewable resource?
• What evidence would support that dolphins and whales share a common ancestor?
• Why is a healthy diet important?
• Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?
• In a controlled experiment, which variable is intentionally changed by the researcher?
• Which process in plants releases oxygen as a byproduct?
• What is a primary role of protein in the body?
• Which observation would best support that a fossil sequence shows gradual change over time?
• Which would indicate that a series of fossils represent the evolution of the horse?
• Which statement best reflects the Law of Conservation of Mass in a chemical reaction?
• If two variables have a positive correlation, what does that mean?
• Which of the following is an ecosystem service?
• Transitional fossils best support which concept?
• Why do scientists use models?
• Which factor would most influence the rate of a chemical reaction?
• Why is protein an important part of a healthy diet?
• Which description correctly identifies extrusive igneous rock?
• Which form of energy transfer works in empty space?
• What are the three basic states of matter?
• What happens to some kinetic energy when friction acts on a moving object?
• Which factor is most responsible for the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere?
• In a chemical reaction that conserves atoms, if you start with 6 carbon atoms, how many carbon atoms must be in the products?
• Which action is most effective at preventing influenza from spreading widely?
• What does the Law of Conservation of Matter state?
• What is the main difference between a mitochondrion and a chloroplast?
• What is the outermost layer of the Earth?
• What is a problem with using wind turbines to produce energy?
• What happens to population size and competition when living space is reduced?
• In solutions, which property determines whether a substance dissolves in water?
• Which statement best describes the law of conservation of matter?
• How is radiometric dating used to determine the age of rocks?
• An ice cube is put into a heated pan. What will most likely happen to the molecules in the ice as the ice is heated?
• Which statement best describes what an ice core is?
• In a Punnett square, if A is dominant and a is recessive, what genotype represents a heterozygous offspring?
• Finding marine fossils on mountain peaks supports which idea?
• If a substance has the same mass but half the volume, what happens to its density?
• What term describes differences in traits among individuals within a population?
• Which statement best explains nitrogen's role in the cycling of energy and matter?
• What term describes an organism that makes its own food using sunlight or chemical energy?
• Turbidity is a measure of water clarity. Which option best describes a common measure used to express this property?
• What type of relationship exists between trees and Kudzu vines that climb on them?
• Which particle determines the identity of an element and is found in the nucleus?
• Scientists find dinosaur fossils in bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?
• During photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in what molecule?
• Which statement best describes the law of conservation of matter in chemical reactions?
• Which type of organisms captures energy from sunlight or chemical energy to make organic molecules?
• What is the difference between weather and climate?
• Which statement about index fossils is true?
• Which instrument measures temperature?
• Which organelle contains its own DNA and is the powerhouse of the cell?
• In a basic food chain, where is the most energy found?
• Which planet is known for its prominent ring system?
• Which gas is most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?
• Malaria is caused by what?
• What is an endothermic reaction?
• What is the main role of producers in an ecosystem's energy pyramid?
• In a food pyramid, which best explains why the number of organisms decreases from one trophic level to the next?
• Which instrument measures humidity?
• Which type of rock forms when lava erupts onto the surface and cools rapidly?
• Which best describes how ice cores are important to the study of geologic history?
• Which food provides the most energy for the body in the shortest amount of time?
• What best determines the number of wolves that can live in an area?
• The atomic number is determined by the number of which subatomic particle in the nucleus?
• Which rock type is formed by metamorphism?
• Which statement best describes natural selection?
• Which statement about fossils would best indicate they share ancestry with a modern species?
• What is the main purpose of cellular respiration in living organisms?
• How does increasing the angle of sunlight affect energy input per area?
• A cold front is approaching. What weather change is most likely to occur?
• Which statement best describes the greenhouse effect?
• In an experiment, which variable is deliberately changed by the scientist?
• In a lever, what determines the mechanical advantage?
• Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
• In an ecological pyramid, what is the term for the organisms at the base that produce their own food?
• Which of the following is a piece of evidence used to support plate tectonics?
• Which rock type is most likely to contain fossils because it forms from sediments?
• Why is groundwater from an aquifer often cleaner than surface water?
• Which is the best example of a pure substance?
• Which statement best describes erosion in the context of rocks and water?
• Which rock is most likely to contain fossils and form from sediments?
• What causes the greenhouse effect?
• Producers in most ecosystems rely primarily on which energy source?
• Why is it important to control extraneous variables in a fair test?
• What term describes the land that receives water from a river and its tributaries?
• Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?
• What process moves water from oceans and land into the atmosphere as water vapor?
• What happens to density when a solid changes to a liquid while mass remains the same?
• What statement best describes the Law of Superposition?
• In a typical food web, where is the most energy stored?
• What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
• Which type of scientist studies rocks, minerals, fossils, and Earth's history?
• What is the process called when liquid water becomes water vapor?
• Which energy resource is renewable and commonly used to generate electricity but can replenish over time?
• Which would least likely have an impact on global climate changes?
• Which statement describes the relationship of elements in the same group on the periodic table?
• What is the process by which water vapor becomes liquid, often forming clouds, followed by precipitation?
• How is density defined?
• If a predator is removed from an ecosystem, what is the most likely effect on the prey population?
• Which statement about ice cores is true?
• What information does a chemical symbol and atomic number convey?
• How does latitude influence climate zones?
• A scientist finds the bones of a dinosaur. What could help the scientist determine the approximate age of the dinosaur bone?
• During melting, density decreases as mass remains constant. What happens to the volume?
• Which type of rock is formed when sediments are compacted and cemented together?
• What is the main energy source producers use to make their own food?
• What is the primary source of energy for Earth's weather and climate system?
• How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate in terms of energy flow?
• Which process describes the breakdown of rocks at Earth’s surface into smaller pieces?
• Which career would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?
• Which instrument measures wind speed?
• What atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer?
• Which statement distinguishes a physical change from a chemical change?
• In a food chain, if 10,000 joules of energy are available at the producers, approximately how much is available to the primary consumer?
• What is gravity?
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plants?
• Which statement best distinguishes weather from climate?
• Which of the following describes a described environmental impact of agricultural biotechnology?
• Which statement best explains why greenhouse gases contribute to Earth's warming?
• Which organisms convert energy from the sun into chemical energy in an ecosystem?
• What phase change leads to cloud formation when water vapor cools?
• Which observation would best support that dolphins and whales share a common ancestor?
• Which Earth layer is liquid and generates Earth's magnetic field?
• Which most likely causes the arctic fox fur color to change seasonally from white to reddish brown?
• Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?
• What causes the seasons?
• A graph shows average annual rainfall and a plant growth rate. If rainfall increases and plant growth rate also increases, what can you infer?
• Which statement correctly identifies igneous rocks that form at or below the Earth's surface?
• In a series circuit, what happens to the current when a resistor is added?
• What is a Punnett square used for?
• Tigers and household cats differ greatly in size primarily due to what?
• Ten people became sick with the flu after attending a school dance. What scenario could best explain how the people got sick?
• The slope of a line representing plant height over 7 days with a slope of 2 cm/day represents what?
• In the United States, which is responsible for ensuring the safety of the country's drinking water?
• The theory that the planets formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust around the young Sun is called what?
• Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?
• In a parallel circuit, if one lamp goes out, why do the others remain lit?
• What term describes rock that forms when existing rocks are altered by heat and pressure but do not melt?
• Which statement about Earth's magnetic field is correct?
• What is weathering?
• Which statement best describes a renewable resource?
• Which statement best explains how periods on the periodic table are organized?
• What does density mean in a substance?
• In the context of nitrogen cycling, which plant outcome would nitrogen availability influence most directly?
• What is the process called when water vapor condenses into clouds?
• In solutions, what property determines whether a substance dissolves in water?
• If yesterday was sunny and 80°F in your town, is that best described as weather or climate?
• How does a conductor differ from an insulator in terms of electrical current?
• Which best explains why the total mass of the product(s) would be less than the total weight of the reactant(s) after a chemical reaction?
• Which pair of elements has the most similar properties?
• What term describes the average weather conditions in a region over many years?
• What do genetics (DNA) determine?
• Which description best explains how sedimentary rocks form?
• The water cycle includes evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. Which process returns water to the atmosphere from bodies of water?
• Ice cores are most useful for studying which aspect of Earth's history?
• In photosynthesis, what is produced as a byproduct that is released to the atmosphere?
• The survival of some strawberries after a frost illustrates which genetic concept?
• What term describes igneous rocks that crystallize below the surface?
• If a body of water has high turbidity levels, what can most likely be concluded?
• What is the process called when water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from higher to lower water potential?
• Which will most likely result if there is increased upwelling in a coastal area?
• Genetic variation arises from differences in DNA sequences among individuals.
• Biotic factors are living organisms; abiotic factors are nonliving chemical/physical components. This describes which concept?
• In the rock cycle, which process forms sediments?
• What is an aquifer?
• What is involved in creating genetically modified bacteria?
• What evidence supports plate tectonics?
• Which evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics?
• Which process in the water cycle involves water vapor turning into liquid droplets and forming clouds?
• Which shows one example of a physical change and one example of a chemical change?
• Which sequence correctly describes the rock cycle starting from magma?
• How do fossils support the theory of evolution?
• Which term describes producers?
• Which force primarily keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
• A student measures the mass of a rock in grams and its volume in cubic centimeters. Which unit and calculation yield the rock's density?
• In a food chain, which organism is typically the primary source of energy for the ecosystem?
• Which statement best describes a positive environmental impact of agricultural biotechnology?
• Which geologic principle states that younger rocks or fossils are deposited on top of older rocks?
• How do sediments become sedimentary rock?
• Which statement best describes the intertidal zone?
• What do earthquakes tell scientists about the history of the planet?
• What factors can have the greatest effect on the health of a river system?
• Which form of energy is stored due to an object's position above Earth's surface?
• If a plant grows 3 cm/day under red light and 1.5 cm/day under blue light, which statement is supported?
• In an experiment testing how light color affects plant growth, which variable is the light color?
• Which statement best describes the Earth's outer core?
• Why do we observe the Moon in different phases over a month?
• Which statement about wind energy is true?
• How does a balanced chemical equation satisfy the Law of Conservation of Mass?
• Why do doctors suggest that people get a flu vaccine each year?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes weather from climate?
• Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?
• Which factor leads to varying daylight hours and seasonal temperature changes?
• Which statement best describes diffusion and osmosis?
• What factor best reduces the spread of infectious diseases?
• Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?
• How does plate tectonics explain earthquakes?
• Which term describes long-term weather patterns in a region?
• Which statement would demonstrate that fossils show evolutionary change?